Mars is the fourth planet in the distance from the Sun (the fourth planet in the solar system)
Mars belongs to the terrestrial planets and is named after the ancient Roman god of war, an analogue of the ancient Greek Ares.
Mars has two natural moons - Phobos and Deimos (stand for "fear" and "horror"). The names are given to the moons in honor of the characters in Greek mythology, the sons of Ares.
Mars has been known to people since ancient times, when people watched the movement of a red star across the sky, a harbinger of wars and cataclysms.
Mars has a rarefied atmosphere.
Mars' neighbors are Earth and Jupiter, which is separated from the Red Planet by the asteroid belt.
Models suggest that Mars consists of a crust with an average thickness of 50 kilometers (the maximum estimate is no more than 125 kilometers), a silicate mantle and a core with a radius of 1480 to 1800 kilometers.
The main features of the surface relief of Mars are considered to be impact craters, volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps. The highest mountain on the planets of the solar system, Olympus, is an extinct Martian volcano.
Mars has a weak magnetic field.
Orbit of Mars
The average distance from Mars to the Sun is 228 million kilometers (1.52 astronomical units).
Perihelion (orbital point closest to the Sun): 206.655 million kilometers (1.381 astronomical units)
Aphelios (point of orbit farthest from the Sun): 249.232 million kilometers (1.666 astronomical units).
The average speed of Mars in orbit is about 24 kilometers per second.
The planet makes one revolution around the Sun in 799.94 Earth days.
The length of a day on Mars is 24 hours 37 minutes 22.7 seconds. One Martian day is called straw.
The Martian year consists of 668.6 solar days (solos).
The distance from Mars to Earth ranges from 55.76 to 401 million kilometers.
The direction of rotation of Mars corresponds to the direction of rotation of all (except Venus and Uranus) planets in the solar system.
Physical characteristics of Mars
Mars is the seventh largest planet in the solar system.
The temperature on the surface of Mars ranges from -153 to + 35 ° C.
The radius of Mars is 3389 kilometers (53% of the radius of the Earth).
The surface area of Mars is 144.37 million square kilometers (28.3% of the Earth's surface).
The average density of Mars is 3930 kilograms per cubic meter (71.3% of the earth's density).
The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.711 meters per second squared (0.378 g).
The mass of Mars is 6.4171 x 10 x 23 kilograms, which is about 10.7% of the mass of the Earth.